Indian Pharmacovigilance : What is known is just Half -Glass Full

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Background

Spontaneous or voluntary reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the vital roles of all health professionals. In India, under-reporting of ADRs by health professionals is recognized as one of the leading causes of poor ADR signal detection. Therefore, reviewing the literature can provide a better understanding of the status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Pharmacovigilance (PV) activities by health professionals.

Methods

A systematic review was performed through Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar scientific databases. Studies pertaining to KAP of PV and ADR reporting by Indian health professionals between January 2011 and July 2015 were included in a meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review and 18 of them were selected for meta-analysis. Overall, 55.6% (95% CI 44.4–66.9; p<0.001) of the population studied were not aware of the existence of the Pharmacovigilance Programme in India (PvPI), and 31.9% (95% CI 16.3–47.4; p<0.001) thought that "all drugs available in the market are safe". Furthermore, 28.7% (95% CI 16.4–40.9; p<0.001) of them were not interested in reporting ADRs and 74.5%, (95% CI 67.9–81.9; p<0.001) never reported any ADR to PV centers.

Conclusion

There was an enormous gap of KAP towards PV and ADR reporting, particularly PV practice in India. There is therefore an urgent need for educational awareness, simplification of the ADR reporting process, and implementation of imperative measures to practice PV among healthcare professionals. In order to understand the PV status, PvPI should procedurally assess the KAP of health professionals PV activities in India.

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Concerns on Pharmacogenomic testing : Need your insights

Dear health professional,

Greetings..!!! 

A group of researchers decided to launch a research on Knowledge, Opinion, Expectations and Concerns towards Pharmacogenomics among Health Professionals in India. The purpose of this survey is to seek your knowledge and opinion about important issues concerning pharmacogenomic testing. 

We wish to take your contribution in this survey, please follow the link below and answer the questions as honestly as possible. All your answers will be kept strictly confidential.

Only for PharmD Interns

Click here to fill out the survey

Drugs acting on Cardiovascular System : Classification at tips

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Vacancies in Macleods Pharmaceuticals : B.Pharm and M.Pharm Freshers

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Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Work with Lupin Pharmaceuticals

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Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Vacancies for PharmD and M.Pharm freshers

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Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

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Walk-in's at Sun Pharma

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Vacancies in Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) : Pharm.D Freshers

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The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) is an Autonomous Body under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India primarily with the objectives of regularly updating the Indian Pharmacopoeia by publishing new edition and its addenda, National Formulary of India and other related tasks such as preparing, certification and distribution of reference substances & functions as National Coordination Centre (NCC) for Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI). We are looking forward for qualified personnel to fill up 40 posts of Technical Associates (for NCC & ADR Monitoring Centres) in PvPI on Contract basis having Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences or M.B.B.S/ B.D.S/ Pharm. D or equivalent. Preference will be given to young, dynamic personnel having experience in Pharmacovigilance and proficiency in Computer Applications. Consolidated emolument @ Rs. 25,000/- per month will be paid by IPC. 

The job description of the post is:- 

• Collection of ADR Reports.
• Follow up with the reporter/patient for Completeness as per SOPs. Data Entry in VigiFlow.
• Reporting to NCC-PvPI through VigiFlow with the source data (Original) attached each ADR case.
• Training/Sensitization/Feedback to physicians through news letter circulated by the NCCPvPI.

Other activities as assigned by competent authority from time to time. Applications are invited from citizens of India on the application format which can be downloaded from the website: www.ipc.gov.in of the Commission together with the attested copies of supporting documents within 15 days from the date of advertisement. The competent authority reserves the right to increase or decrease the number of vacancies and rejection and/or all applications received without assigning any reason. Selected candidates shall be posted in any of the AMCs under PvPI across the country/NCC-PvPI, IPC, Ghaziabad.

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Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

How to Become a Registered Pharmacist in U.K

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General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) governing the pharmacist registration in UK, and as an Overseas pharmacist we have to fulfill these requirements.

Step 1: An Overseas Pharmacists Assessment Programme (OSPAP)

Step 2: 52 weeks of Pre-registration training approved by the GPhC 

Step 3: The registration assessment Examination.

Step 1: Overseas Pharmacists' Assessment Programme (OSPAP):

OSPAP is a one-year post graduate diploma course designed to ensure that those who have qualified overseas receive the appropriate education and training to prepare them for UK Practice and entry to Pre-registration training. Entry to these course needs English language proficiency of IELTS testing at level 7 in each category at a single test.

• Aston University (Birmingham) 
• University of Brighton
• Kingston University
• Robert Gordon University (Aberdeen)
• University of Sunderland

Step 2: 52 weeks of Pre-registration training approved by the GPhC:

On graduation you will be eligible to apply for preregistration training for a one-year period prior to taking up the registration examination of the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC).

Step 3: The registration assessment Exam:

There are two examination papers; an open-book and a closed book paper. Questions are based on practice-based situations and are designed to test the thinking and knowledge which lie behind any action.

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Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

How to Become a Registered Pharmacist in Australia

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Australian Pharmacy Council (APC) governing the pharmacy Exam in Australia.

Step 1: Document Evaluation.

Step 2: English Competency Examination.

Step 3: KAPS (Knowledge Assessment of Pharmaceutical Exam)

Step 4: Pharmacy Board of Australia (PBA) requirements for registration.

Step 1: Document Evaluation:

An initial assessment of a candidate’s qualifications and associated documents is undertaken to determine an applicant's eligibility to undertake the secondary assessment which is the knowledge assessment (KAPS) for Stream A or the competency assessment (CAOP) for Stream B.

Step 2: English Competency Examination:

An overall Band score of at least 7.5(with a minimum score of 7.0 in each of the four components) at the Academic level of IELTS is an essential prerequisite for enrollment in the KAPS (as used in Stream A).

Step 3: Knowledge Assessment of Pharmaceutical Sciences (KAPS)

The KAPS consists of two papers of multiple choice questions covering pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacology and physiology, and therapeutics. It is held in Australia and overseas in March and September each year.

Step 4: Pharmacy Board of Australia (PBA) registration requirements

1-Supervised practice in an Australian pharmacy under the direct supervision of a registered pharmacist (1824 hours)

2-An intern training program.

-attendance at seminars and workshops

-completion of assessment tasks

3-A written examination.

4-A oral examination.

Refer: https://www.pharmacycouncil.org.au/

Examination	Expense per Exam
Total	2820 AUD

Document Evaluation + IELTS	500 + 200 AUD
Stream A – Secondary Assessment – KAPS	1600 AUD
PBA Written Examination prepared and   delivered by APC	550 AUD

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

How to Become a Registered Pharmacist in USA

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National Association Board of Pharmacy (NABP) is conducting pharmacy Exam in USA. Refer: http://www.nabp.net/

There are 3 steps to achieve NABP pharmacist certification for International students.

Step 1: Document Evaluation by ECE

Step 2: The Pharmacist Equivalence examination certification by FPGEC

Step 3: The NAPLEX Examination

Step 1: Document Evaluation by ECE:

Evaluation Credential evaluation (ECE) is a separate non profit organization, evaluating you educational document equivalence with USA degree. Refer: http://www.ece.org/

We easily qualify that by sending our PharmD degree and transcript according to their requirements.

Step 2: The Pharmacist Equivalence examination certification by FPGEC:

FPGEC is Foreign Pharmacist Graduate Equivalence Examination Certificate required by International students by fulfilling two requirements.

1-FPGEE (Foreign Pharmacist Graduate Equivalence Exam) :

Refer: http://www.nabp.net/programs/examination/fpgee/fpgee-blueprint/

2-TOEFL iBT (Computerized Based) requirement :

Reading: 21

Listening: 18

Speaking: 26

Writing: 24. 

Refer: http://www.nabp.net/programs/examination/fpgec/toefl-ibt/

Step 3: The NAPLEX Examination :

You must get FPGEC to qualify for the NAPLEX exam. NAPLEX is a nationwide exam used by boards of pharmacy as one component of pharmacist licensure.

Refer: http://www.nabp.net/programs/examination/naplex/

Examination	Expense per Exam
Total	1365 USD

Step 1 : ECE Evaluation	80 USD
Step 2 : FPGEE+ TOEFL iBT	800 + 200 USD
Step 3: NAPLEX	485 USD

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

How to Become a Registered Pharmacist in Canada

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Pharmacy Examination are conducted under the control of PEBC 

(Pharmacy Examination Board of Canada) : http://www.pebc.ca

There are 3 steps for an International student to achieve PEBC pharmacist certification:

Step 1: Document Evaluation.

Step 2: The Pharmacist Evaluating Examination.

Step 3: The Pharmacist Qualifying Examination, Part I (MCQ) and Part II (OSCE).

Step 1: Document Evaluation:

You must pass this evaluation of your educational and professional credentials to be eligible to write the Pharmacist Evaluating Examination (We easily qualify that).

You must pass this written examination to be eligible for the Pharmacist Qualifying Examination –Parts I and II (You have to go through all pharmacy course once to pass this exam).

Step 2: The Pharmacist Evaluating Examination:

You must pass this written examination to be eligible for the Pharmacist Qualifying Examination –Parts I and II (You have to go through all pharmacy course once to pass this exam).

Step 3: The Pharmacist Qualifying Examination, Part I (MCQ) (Written) and Part II (OSCE) (Verbal).

Your final step to qualifying for certification with PEBC. When you have passed both Parts of the examination you will be certified and registered with PEBC as Qualified Pharmacist.

For this portion you have to really work hard and proper understanding of Drug and therapeutics.

Need 1000 hour of internship and IELTS 6.5 to get register with PEBC. Then after that job is not a issue, Drug store will be chasing you for Job.

Examination	Expense per Exam
Step 1 : Document Evaluation	530 CAD
Step 2 : Pharmacist Evaluation Exam	515 CAD
Step3 : MCQs and OSCE	400+1520 CAD
Total	2965 CAD

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Opening as CRA - Clinical Trial in Envision Scientific

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Envision Scientific Pvt. Ltd. is a leading provider of drug delivery technologies to the healthcare industry. Our developed technologies are designed to be utilized for various types of drug and different delivery systems. Its proprietary NANO ACTIVETM Technology is designed for drug delivery utilizing Nanotechnology from various types of devices and surfaces. We Vision ‘To have a Happy and Healthy World’. Envision Scientific was incorporated in 2008. The company is ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 13485:2003 certified unit. The company was listed in the top 10 companies with IP fillings in the pharmaceutical sector for the year 2010 by the government of India gazette.

Post: CRA - Clinical Trial

No. of Post: 01

Job Description:

1. Perform assigned complex administrative tasks to support team members with project execution

2. Establish and maintain effective project/ site communications

3. Create and maintain relevant project documents

4. Good knowledge of applicable clinical research regulatory requirements: i.e.. ICH GCP and relevant local laws. Regulations and guidelines

5. Maintain Clinical data as stipulated and store them for the required duration in proper method so that any audit of Clinical data can be completed successfully by any Regulatory Authority

6. Strong written and verbal communication skills including good command of English language

7. Good problem solving skills & Good planning, time management and prioritization skills

8. Good software and computer skills, including MS Office applications including but not limited to Microsoft Word. Excel and PowerPoint

9. Ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with coworkers, managers and clients.

10. Good data entry skills

Candidate Profile:

- Bachelor's degree in life sciences or related field up to 1.5 years relevant experience; or equivalent combination of education, training and experience

- Experience in conducting clinical studies.

- Should be familiar with FDA, EMA, DCGI Regulatory guidelines and regulatory requirement.

- Should have excellent communication and coordination skills

- Education: UG - B.Sc - Any Specialization, B.Pharma - Pharmacy

PG - M.Sc - Any Specialization, M.Pharma - Pharmacy

Additional Information:

Experience: up to 1.5 years 

Qualification: B.Pharm, B.Sc, Diploma or Degree in Clinical Research

Location: Surat, Gujarat

Salary: 10 to 15 thousand

Last Date: 5th March, 2016

Send your resume to : hr@espl.net.in

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Wanted faculty - Mesco College of Pharmacy

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The Mesco College of Pharmacy was established in 2002 by the Mesco educational Trust for Bachelor Pharmacy Course. The college is housed in a campus with an imposing building and most conducive atmospheres for academic excellence. Post-graduate programme was introduced in 2004. Invites Applications for the Posts of Professors, Associate Professors & Assistant Professors in Pharmacy.

Post: Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors

(All Specializations including Pharmacy Practice)

Qualification & Experience as per AICTE, PCI & O.U norms.

Application with detailed C.V and copies of certificates, testimonials & 2 passport size photographs to be sent within 07 days to the undersigned.

Location: Hyderabad

Education: B.Pharm, M.Pharm

Email: mescomcp2003@gmail.com

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Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia

Wanted Faculty - AnwarUl Uloom College of Pharmacy

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Anwar Ul Uloom College of Pharmacy is one of the specialist colleges in AP dedicated entirely to teaching and research in pharmaceutical sciences; with world-class teaching and a top rated research quality profile. Established in 1887 by the amalgamation of Hyderabad School and the Madarsa-i-Aliya, Nizam College is one of the oldest and most esteemed institutions of higher education in South India. It was affiliated to the University of Madras for 60 years after its inception, and was made a Constituent College of Osmania University on 19th February 1947. 

Post: Professors & Asso. Professors, Asst. Professors

Job Description: Our College offers B.Pharmacy, M.Pharmacy & Pharm.D. Courses. Applications are invited for the following posts from the eligible candidates. Complete resume with Photo & copies of certificates of qualification & experience can be submtted in person or by mail/Post on or before 20/02/2016 to the address mentioned below.

Post	Qualification	Specialization
Professors & Assoc.Professors	M.Pharm., Ph.D with experience as per AICTE & PCI norms	Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, Ph. Analysis, Ph. Chemistry, Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacognosy
Asst. Professors	M.Pharm.	All Specializations
Lab Technician's	B.Pharm. D.Pharm or B.sc	-
Lab Attenders	Intermediate or SSC	-

Email: aucoph@gmail.com

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Regards,

Deepak Kumar Bandari,

Pharm.D Intern,

Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy - India

Elsevier Student Ambassador - South Asia